The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is a large scale integrated circuit, which is the computing Core and Control Unit of a computer. Its main function is to interpret computer instructions and process data in computer software. The CPU mainly includes ArithmeTIc (arithmetic Logic Unit, ALU, and ArithmeTIc Logic Unit), Cache, and Bus to implement Data, control, and state connections between them. It, together with internal Memory and input/output (I/O) devices, is called the three core components of electronic computers.

The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is a large scale integrated circuit, which is the computing Core and Control Unit of a computer. Its main function is to interpret computer instructions and process data in computer software. The CPU mainly includes ArithmeTIc (arithmetic Logic Unit, ALU, and ArithmeTIc Logic Unit), Cache, and Bus to implement Data, control, and state connections between them. It, together with internal Memory and input/output (I/O) devices, is called the three core components of electronic computers.

The basic structure of the cpu

In terms of function, the internal structure of a general CPU can be divided into three parts: control unit, logical operation unit, storage unit (including the internal bus and buffer). The control unit completes the deployment work in the whole process of data processing, the logical unit completes each instruction in order to get the final desired result of the program, and the storage unit is responsible for storing the original data and operation results. The integrated cooperation makes the CPU have powerful functions, which can complete many complex operations including floating point, multimedia and other instructions, and also adds more vitality to the digital age.

Logical unit

English Logic components; Arithmetic logic unit. You can perform fixed-point or floating-point arithmetic operations, shift operations, and logical operations, as well as address operations and conversions.

register

A register component includes a register, a special register and a control register. General purpose registers can be classified into fixed-point numbers and floating-point numbers. They are used to store register operands temporarily stored during instruction execution and intermediate (or final) operation results. General purpose register is one of the important components of CPU.

Control unit

English Control unit; The control unit is mainly responsible for decoding the instruction and issuing the control signal of each operation to complete each instruction.

There are two kinds of structure: one is microprogram control with micromemory as the core; One is the control mode based on logic hardwiring structure.

Microcode is maintained in microstorage, and each microcode corresponds to a basic microoperation, also known as microinstruction; Each instruction is composed of a different sequence of microcode, which constitutes a microprogram. After decoding the instruction, the CPU sends out a certain time sequence control signal and executes several microoperations determined by the microcode according to the given sequence with microcycle as the beat to complete the execution of a certain instruction.

Simple instructions consist of (3 ~ 5) microoperations, while complex instructions consist of dozens or even hundreds of microoperations.