The advantage of a DC Motor is that it is relatively simple in speed control, as only the voltage needs to be controlled to control the speed. However, this type of motor is not suitable for operation in high temperature, flammable environments, etc. Moreover, due to the need for carbon brushes as components of the current converter (brush motor) in the motor, it is necessary to regularly clean the dirt generated by carbon brush friction. A brushless motor is called a brushless motor. Compared to a brushless motor, a brushless motor is more energy-efficient and quieter because it reduces the friction between the carbon brush and the shaft. The production difficulty is high and the price is also high. AC motors can be operated in high temperature, flammable environments, and do not require regular cleaning of carbon brush dirt. However, speed control is difficult because controlling the speed of AC motors requires controlling the frequency of AC power (or using induction motors to increase internal resistance and reduce motor speed at the same AC frequency). Controlling its voltage will only affect the torque of the motor. There are two types of voltage for general civilian motors: 110V and 220V, and there are also types such as 380V or 440V in industrial applications.

The principle of motor rotation is based on John Ambrose Fleming’s left-hand rule, which states that when a wire is placed in a magnetic field and a current is applied to the wire, the wire will cut the magnetic field wire and cause it to move. The current entering the coil generates a magnetic field, which utilizes the magnetic effect of the current to continuously rotate the electromagnet within a fixed magnet. This device can convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. The principle of a DC motor that generates power by interacting with a permanent magnet or a magnetic field generated by another set of coils is that the stator remains stationary while the rotor moves in the direction of the force generated by the interaction. An AC motor is a DC motor that generates a rotating magnetic field by applying alternating current to the stator winding coils. The rotating magnetic field attracts the rotor to rotate together. The basic structure of a DC motor includes an armature, field magnet, collector ring, and brush.
Armature: A soft iron core that can rotate around the axis and wrap multiple coils. Field magnet: A strong permanent magnet or electromagnet that generates a magnetic field. Collector ring: A transformer that connects approximately two semi-circular collector rings at each end of the coil, which can be used to change the direction of the current as the coil rotates. Every half turn (180 degrees), the direction of the current on the coil changes once. Brush: Usually made of carbon, the collector ring contacts a fixed position of the brush for connection to the power supply.